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- Date: Thu, 25 Jun 92 17:15:30 -0400
- From: dmilne@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA
- Subject: ELEM-IG #8-B Answers
- Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- To: Multiple recipients of <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- Reply-to: dmilne@kean.ucs.mun.ca
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- X-Envelope-to: pwaldron@MATHS.TCD.IE, tim@MATHS.TCD.IE
- Status: O
-
-
-
- A chairde,
-
- In this set of exercises, three questions have arisen which I will
- comment upon first. I am asking for help from some kind expert(s) in
- Irish to help me with questions #2 and #3 !
-
- Question #1:
-
- Why is the plural of buidéal "buidéil" rather than "buidéail?
- (See #1 in the exercises).
-
- Buidéal is a Type E noun, i.e. one which forms the plural by
- inserting an "i" before the final broad consonant. The "a"
- in buidéal is a silent "a" which is only present in the spelling
- to indicate that the "l" is broad. When the plural is made, and
- the "i" inserted, the final "l" becomes slender, and there is
- no longer any need for the "a" to appear in the word. Thus, the
- "a" is dropped from the spelling.
-
- Further, if you didn't remove the "a" from the spelling, the
- word would have to be pronounced differently. This is because
- "ai" is ordinarily pronounced [a]. Thus, if a word were
- spelled "buidéail" it would indicate a rather unpronouncable
- [ bwid'e:al] rather than the correct pronunciation [bwid/e:l'].
- In fact, this sequence of vowels would not occur in a native
- Irish word.
-
- So, it is basically a spelling rule. It is one that you will
- see many times, especially once we have had a chance to learn
- the Genitive of masculine nouns.
-
-
- Question #2
-
- For #15 in the exercises below, I am not sure what the acceptable
- answer(s) might be.
-
- in the frying pan -- sa fhrioctán ?? or sa bhfriochtán ??
-
- Are both correct? I found a note in Dillon's "Irish" that says
- that after "sa" and "f" is eclipsed rather than lenited.
-
- Thus Dillon specifies "sa bhfeirm" rather than "san fheirm".
-
- Dillon's book gives Munster usage. But which of the above forms
- are considered "good usage" -- all ? If not all, which? Would
- some of our Irish Gaeilgeorí please help here??
-
-
- Question #3
-
- Some us have found "taobh istigh de", "isteach sa", "istigh sa",
- etc. a bit confusing.
-
- ó Dónaill gives:
-
- istigh i gcúinne (in a corner)
- istigh i bpóca ( in a pocket)
- istigh sa chathair (in the city centre)
- an seomra istigh (the inner room)
- an taobh istigh de rud = the inside of something (interior)
- an taobh amuigh de rud = the outside of something (exterior)
-
- Donall O Baoill suggested that "istigh sa" is usually used where one
- has the sense of being in an enclosed space.
-
- I am not at all sure myself when I should use "sa or "istigh sa"
- and I am not sure what sort of objects one can use "taobh amuigh
- de" with. The example in the exercise was with a "gate", a sort
- of border between an inner and an outer space.
-
- I would really appreciate any comments our language experts could
- provide on the proper usage of these terms.
-
-
-
- ..............................................................
- MY ANSWERS (such as they are):
-
- Translate into English
-
- 1. Chuir an bhean cuid den bhainne i mbuidéil.
- The woman put some of the milk into bottles.
-
- 2. Rith an madra amach agus d'fhan sé amuigh go maidin.
- The dog ran out(side) and stayed out(side) until morning.
-
- 3. Chuaigh sí isteach san ospidéal inné.
- She went into the hospital yesterday.
-
-
- Translate into Irish
-
- 4. in water in uisce
- 5. in the water san uisce
- 6. in a cup. i gcupán
- 7. in the hole sa pholl
- 8. in boats i mbáid
- 9. in the fields (grassy) sna páirceanna
- 10. in a field (tilled) i ngort
- 11. in a window i bhfuinneog
- 12. in the fire sa tine
- 13. in the places sna háiteanna
- 14. in a book i leabhar
- 15. in the frying pan sa fhriochtán ??
- sa bhfriochtán ??
-
- 16. in the ink sa dúch
-
- 17. The robins are in the tree.
- Tá na spideoga sa chrann.
-
- 18. The woman put the plant in the window.
- Chuir an bhean an planda san fhuinneog.
-
- 19. The cat stayed outside the gate and the mouse stayed
- inside the hole.
- D'fhan an cat taobh amuigh den gheata agus d'fhan an luch
- istigh sa pholl.
-
- 20. There was a fire in the house but they went outside in time.
- (= A fire was in the house...)
- Bhí tine sa teach, ach chuaigh siad amach in am.
-
-
-
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- Tue, 30 Jun 92 15:06:24 GMT
- Date: Tue, 30 Jun 92 08:05:40 -0600
- From: Michael Rhodes <rhodes@USAFA.AF.MIL>
- Subject: Elem IG: Lesson 8B - Questions
- Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- To: Multiple recipients of <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- Reply-to: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- Message-id: <01GLTX2QXBGQ8WYI7M@mailgate.ucd.ie>
- X-Envelope-to: pwaldron@MATHS.TCD.IE, tim@MATHS.TCD.IE
- Status: O
-
-
- Dorothy asked in Lesson 8B of the IG Elem series:
-
- > Question #2
-
- > For #15 in the exercises below, I am not sure what the acceptable
- > answer(s) might be.
- >
- > in the frying pan -- sa fhrioctán ?? or sa bhfriochtán ??
- >
- > Are both correct? I found a note in Dillon's "Irish" that says
- > that after "sa" and "f" is eclipsed rather than lenited.
- >
- > Thus Dillon specifies "sa bhfeirm" rather than "san fheirm".
- >
- > Dillon's book gives Munster usage. But which of the above forms
- > are considered "good usage" -- all ? If not all, which? Would
- > some of our Irish Gaeilgeorí please help here??
- >
-
- The Christian Brothers Grammar gives the following examples in Chapter 4,
- "Aspiration (Séimhiú)":
-
- san fh/omhair, san fharraige
-
- This is the "standard" usage. The usage found in older literature is to use
- eclipsis rather than lenation after "sa" or "san", and there are some remnants
- of this in the dialects. In Munster Irish, as Dillon points out, eclipsis is
- the rule before "f", e.g. "sa bhféar" - "in the grass", "sa bhfeirm" - "in
- the farm", "sa bhfarraige" - "in the sea". Also "sa mbliain" is sometimes
- heard beside "sa bhliain" in Munster Irish.
-
- Another point is that "sa" does not aspirate words beginning with d, s, and
- t, as is the case with the definite article (sa and san are in fact reduced
- versions of "ins an" the preposition "i" with the definite article), e.g.
- "sa tír" - "in the country", "sa spéir" - "in the sky", "sa Daingean" -
- "in Dingle."
-
- I hope this answers your question.
-
- Is mise le meas,
-
- Mícheál
-
-
-